A silent storm brewing in the bodies of many Nigerians is one that almost always lacks a single outward sign. This makes it a predator of the most patient kind. While the national discourse frequently focuses on the seasonal threat of Lassa fever, the rising cost of malaria treatment, or the immediate crisis of infectious diseases, a vital organ is being slowly suffocated by something as common as fat. This condition, known as fatty liver disease, is no longer just a medical footnote; it has become one of the most significant health challenges of our modern era. Yet, it has remained largely ignored by the public.
One must first appreciate the sheer, tireless workload of the liver to truly understand the enormity of this problem. It is the primary refinery and chemical processing plant of the human body; it performs over five hundred distinct functions every single day. It detoxifies the blood, regulates energy levels, produces the bile necessary for digestion, and stores essential vitamins. Fatty liver disease results when this organ is forced to store an excessive amount of lipids (fats) within its cells.
Now, while it is entirely normal for the liver to contain a trace of fat, it becomes a serious medical concern when that fat accounts for more than five to ten percent of the total weight of the organ. When this threshold is crossed, the liver begins to struggle under the literal weight of its own storage. This accumulation triggers a cascade of inflammation, which, if left unchecked, leads to a process called fibrosis, or the formation of internal scar tissue.
Eventually, this can progress to cirrhosis, a state where the liver is so scarred that it can no longer function, culminating in liver failure or the development of primary liver cancer.
Historically, the medical community and the general public associated liver damage almost exclusively with heavy alcohol consumption.
However, a new and more pervasive variant has taken over the global stage, known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This version affects people who drink little to no alcohol and is instead driven by a complex web of metabolic dysfunctions. The statistics worldwide are staggering, with research suggesting that approximately one in every four people lives with some form of this condition.
In Nigeria, the narrative is shifting with an alarming and visible speed. There was a time, perhaps only a generation ago, when many believed that Africans were somewhat protected from these lifestyle diseases by traditionally active routines and fibre-rich diets. This is no longer the reality of our modern, urban existence.
Studies conducted in Nigerian metropolitan cities, like Port Harcourt, Lagos, and Abuja, indicate a growing prevalence that competes with international figures. Some local estimates suggest that up to twenty percent of Nigerian adults may now be affected to some degree.
The truth is that the transition from traditional, nutrient-dense foods to highly processed “western” diets, characterised by an abundance of white flour and refined sugars, has created a crisis. When combined with the reality of increasingly sedentary desk jobs and the hours spent sitting in traffic, we have created a perfect environment for fat to accumulate in places where it was never meant to be.
So, the question of why this is happening points directly to our daily habits and the choices we make at the dinner table. High intake of refined sugars, especially the fructose found in fizzy drinks, malt beverages, and packaged snacks, is a primary culprit. These sugars are processed almost entirely by the liver, which converts them into fat with frightening efficiency.
Furthermore, conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are closely linked to this condition. Even the abdominal fat that is common in our middle-aged population is a visible indicator that the internal organs are likely encased in visceral fat, which is chemically active and promotes further inflammation.
Perhaps the most dangerous aspect of fatty liver disease is that in the early stages, there are virtually no symptoms. One may feel perfectly healthy, performing one’s daily duties with vigour, while one’s liver is gradually becoming inflamed and damaged. As the condition progresses, some might report a persistent, dull ache or a feeling of fullness in the upper right side of the abdomen, or perhaps a general sense of unexplained fatigue that does not improve with rest. However, because these signs are so vague and easily attributed to the stresses of Nigerian life, many only discover they have the condition by accident. And this is often flagged during a routine ultrasound or a blood test intended for a completely different purpose. By the time obvious symptoms appear, such as swelling in the legs, a bloated abdomen filled with fluid, or a yellowing of the eyes and skin, the damage is often quite advanced and much harder to manage.
Now, fatty liver disease is often reversible, provided it is caught before permanent, extensive scarring occurs. Unlike many other organs, the liver possesses a remarkable, almost miraculous ability to repair itself if the burden upon it is lightened. This recovery does not require expensive or secret cures; rather, it requires a total change or redesign of what we eat. We must move away from the habit of eating excessive portions of refined carbohydrates and the heavy, processed “swallows” that dominate our evening meals and return to the fibre-rich grains, local vegetables, and lean proteins that once defined our traditional diet. Reducing sugar intake, particularly in the form of bottled beverages and sweetened teas, is perhaps the single most effective dietary change one can make to protect the liver from further fat accumulation.
Physical activity is another indispensable cornerstone of recovery and prevention. And one does not need to be a professional athlete or join an expensive gym to save one’s liver. Consistent, moderate exercise, such as thirty minutes of brisk walking five days a week, helps the body to sensitise itself to insulin and begin metabolising the fat stored within liver cells. Research has shown that losing even a modest amount of body weight—between seven and ten percent of your total mass—can significantly reduce liver inflammation and may even reverse early-stage scarring.
It is also vital to manage underlying conditions like diabetes with the help of a qualified medical professional rather than relying on unregulated herbal cleanses. Many of the “detox” products sold in our local markets, motor parks, and buses, which claim to flush the liver of toxins, can actually cause acute toxic damage to an already stressed organ, leading to a much faster decline.
Your liver is a silent, loyal worker that has looked after you since the day you were born, filtering out impurities and keeping your internal chemistry in balance. It is high time you returned that favour by giving it the environment it needs to thrive. Commit to making small, sustainable changes. Walk more, choose water over soda, reduce the mountains of starch on your plate, and cultivate a culture of regular medical check-ups—all for the sake of your liver and health generally.
Ojenagbon, a health communication expert and certified management trainer and consultant, lives in Lagos.
